cPt短鏈形成過程中Pt顆粒的旋轉(zhuǎn)、自危接觸和連接細(xì)節(jié)。外強(qiáng)bPt形核之后的初始生長(zhǎng)過程。圖4.方法和數(shù)值模擬驗(yàn)證他們使用像差校正TEM在約100的寬散焦范圍內(nèi)，入侵人人70秒內(nèi)獲得了15張透焦圖像。

圖6高分辨HADDFTEM和重構(gòu)的三維原子探針資料表明析出的B2相粒子與基體完全共格四、廠商原位透射電鏡技術(shù)利用原位透射電鏡(insituTEM)可以在原子尺度下實(shí)時(shí)觀察和控制氣相反應(yīng)和液相反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，廠商進(jìn)一步理解化學(xué)反應(yīng)的機(jī)理和納米材料的轉(zhuǎn)變過程，從而研究反應(yīng)機(jī)理，從化學(xué)反應(yīng)的本質(zhì)理解、調(diào)控和設(shè)計(jì)材料的合成。自危圖9Ag在組裝納米線之間的遷移過程：a遷移過程中Te納米線之間的結(jié)構(gòu)變化。

外強(qiáng)圖7鉑納米線生長(zhǎng)過程的原位電鏡圖：aPt納米線不同階段的生長(zhǎng)過程。

入侵人人理解離子遷移機(jī)制并合理控制離子傳輸過程將改善提高器件的性能。鋰離子電池具有比能量高、廠商自放電弱、循環(huán)性能好、無記憶效應(yīng)和環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是目前最具發(fā)展前景的二次電池。

負(fù)極的電極過程第三步驟是在負(fù)極的內(nèi)部完成，自危即電子和離子的傳輸。不論是研究快速充電還是提高電池的性能，外強(qiáng)研究分析負(fù)極材料的嵌鋰機(jī)制是很有必要的。

入侵人人參考文獻(xiàn)?[1]ZhangR,LiN,ChengX,etal.AdvancedMicro/NanostructuresforLithiumMetalAnodes[J].AdvancedScience.2017,4(3).?[2]YooE,KimJ,HosonoE,etal.LargereversibleListorageofgraphenenanosheetfamiliesforuseinrechargeablelithiumionbatteries[J].NANOLETTERS.2008,8(8):2277-2282.?[3]ZhengM,TangH,LiL,etal.HierarchicallyNanostructuredTransitionMetalOxidesforLithium-IonBatteries[J].ADVANCEDSCIENCE.2018,5(17005923).?[4]GaoXP,BaoJL,PanGL,etal.PreparationandElectrochemicalPerformanceofPolycrystallineandSingleCrystallineCuONanorodsasAnodeMaterialsforLiIonBattery[J].TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryB.2004,108(18):5547-5551.?[5]LiuY,ZhuY,CuiY.Challengesandopportunitiestowardsfast-chargingbatterymaterials[J].NATUREENERGY.2019,4(7):540-550.?[6]IshikawaK,ItoY,HaradaS,etal.CrystalOrientationDependenceofPrecipitateStructureofElectrodepositedLiMetalonCuCurrentCollectors[J].CRYSTALGROWTHDESIGN.2017,17(5):2379-2385.?[7]XuK,vonCresceA,LeeU.DifferentiatingContributionstoIonTransferBarrierfromInterphasialResistanceandLi+DesolvationatElectrolyte/GraphiteInterface[J].LANGMUIR.2010,26(13):11538-11543.?[8]JowTR,DelpSA,AllenJL,etal.FactorsLimitingLi+ChargeTransferKineticsinLi-IonBatteries[J].JOURNALOFTHEELECTROCHEMICALSOCIETY.2018,165(2):A361-A367.?[9]AbeT,SaganeF,OhtsukaM,etal.Lithium-iontransferattheinterfacebetweenlithium-ionconductiveceramicelectrolyteandliquidelectrolyte-Akeytoenhancingtheratecapabilityoflithium-ionbatteries[J].JOURNALOFTHEELECTROCHEMICALSOCIETY.2005,152(11):A2151-A2154.[10]PeledE,MenkinS.Review-SEI:Past,PresentandFuture[J].JOURNALOFTHEELECTROCHEMICALSOCIETY.2017,164(7):A1703-A1719.[11]VermaP,MaireP,NovakP.AreviewofthefeaturesandanalysesofthesolidelectrolyteinterphaseinLi-ionbatteries[J].ELECTROCHIMICAACTA.2010,55(22):6332-6341.[12]PerssonK,SethuramanVA,HardwickLJ,etal.LithiumDiffusioninGraphiticCarbon[J].JOURNALOFPHYSICALCHEMISTRYLETTERS.2010,1(8):1176-1180.[13]BillaudJ,BouvilleF,MagriniT,etal.Magneticallyalignedgraphiteelectrodesforhigh-rateperformanceLi-ionbatteries[J].NATUREENERGY.2016,1(16097).[14]BaeC,ErdonmezCK,HalloranJW,etal.DesignofBatteryElectrodeswithDual-ScalePorositytoMinimizeTortuosityandMaximizePerformance[J].ADVANCEDMATERIALS.2013,25(9):1254-1258.[15]SanderJS,ErbRM,LiL,etal.High-performancebatteryelectrodesviamagnetictemplating[J].NATUREENERGY.2016,1(16099).[16]ChangY,PengC,HungI.EffectsofparticlesizeandcarboncoatingonelectrochemicalpropertiesofLiFePO4/Cpreparedbyhydrothermalmethod[J].JOURNALOFMATERIALSSCIENCE.2014,49(20):6907-6916.[17]TianZ,ZhouZ,LiuS,etal.EnhancedpropertiesofolivineLiFePO4/grapheneco-dopedwithNb5+andTi4+byasol–gelmethod[J].SolidStateIonics.2015,278:186-191.[18]YanK,LuZ,LeeH,etal.Selectivedepositionandstableencapsulationoflithiumthroughheterogeneousseededgrowth[J].NATUREENERGY.2016,1(16010).[19]SunY,ZhengG,SehZW,etal.Graphite-EncapsulatedLi-MetalHybridAnodesforHigh-CapacityLiBatteries[J].CHEM.2016,1(2).本文由張小榮供稿。盡管各種高能量密度的鋰電負(fù)極材料層出不窮，廠商但始終無法解決鋰離子電池當(dāng)前面臨的關(guān)鍵問題。